International Legal Definition of a Cyberattack

In the era of information and communication technologies, computer networks can be used to carry out modern forms of warfare. In light of technological advances, cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated and control over IT infrastructure is being lost. States can use digital tools or enlist hacker groups to launch cyberattacks against other states. Such destructive actions damage the defence capacity, security, stability, and economic sustainability of a country, and hinder the activities of public and private organizations alike. The situation is further complicated due to the lack of a common understanding of the definition of the term „cyberattack“ among international actors. Furthermore, the existing international legal framework does not regulate the issue of cyberattacks. The Charter of the United Nations was adopted in the 20th century when the process of creating cyberspace could not have been foreseen. Therefore, this article aims to explore the legal definition of a cyberattack based on the reinterpretation of existing international norms. It is important to examine the possibilities of the development and adoption of new norms in cyberspace and clarify the responsible cyber behavior of states.