ლიტერატურული ცენზურა და მარიო ვარგას ლიოსას რომანი „ქალაქი და ძაღლები“

In the twentieth century, the institution of censorship developed in two different directions. On the one hand, it was a model of censorship in the countries of right-wing (Nazi) ideology, which was especially characteristic of the authoritarian regimes of Western Europe, and on the other hand, it was a model of censorship in the countries of totalitarian and post-totalitarian regimes in Eastern Europe and Asia. The aim of the study is to analyze the models of literary censorship formed in the midst of two opposing ideologies in the twentieth century and their impact on literary creation, the impact of censorship in the dictatorship of Francisco Franco on Spanish modernist and post-modernist literature and the impact of Soviet censorship on Russian Soviet literature. In the paper we also consider France as a relatively free space from the two opposing worlds mentioned above in terms of censorship. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to establish the universal character of censorship on the example of the first novel ¨The City and the Dogs¨ of the Peruvian writer, essayist, journalist and politician Mario Vargas Llosa. The research is based on both the archival materials of the novel censorship and the manuscript of the novel submitted to the Institute of Spanish Censorship, as well as the first editions of the work and the first French, Russian and Georgian translations.
There are numerous studies in the international scientific community about the literary creation of Mario Vargas Llosa and the censorship of his first novel. However, existing research has focused on censorship of the novel in the context of Francoist censorship. In the present paper, the work of Mario Vargas Llosa is discussed in terms of describing individuals living under dictatorial regimes. As for his first novel, the aim of the work is to analyze ¨The City and the Dogs¨ as a literary text, as well as to study its censorship in both Spain and Soviet Russia.
Censorship is undergoing a constant transformation over time. Modern democracies basically are characterized by largely disguised censorship, which makes it impossible to avoid interfering in or influencing the creative process. Therefore, the issue of the phenomenon of censorship does not lose its urgency. The topicallity of the theme also stems from the fact that in post-Soviet Georgia, a country where the traps of Soviet totalitarianism or post-totalitarianism have been felt for many years, it is constantly relevant to examine literary censorship in the conditions of authoritarianism, totalitarianism or post-totalitarianism and the ways to escape from it. As for Mario Vargas Llosa, it should be noted that there is almost no scientific literature on the study of the work of the Peruvian writer in Georgia, and the international community suffers from a lack of research on the Soviet censorship of ¨The City and the Dogs¨. The study of the novel, about which biographical books are written and exhibitions are organized 2 , is of constant interest not only to Georgia, but also to the international community.