კატეგორიული სილოგიზმის პირველი და მეორე ფიგურა და მათი სახეობები

The master thesis is devoted to an interesting part of the deductive conclusions, namely: the discussion of the species of the first and second figures of categorical syllogism. There are 64 conclusions in each figure, of which only 6 are true and the rest are false. True and false conclusions are so similar that only a person educated in this field can discern them. The task of our topic is to process the issue of true and false conclusions of Figures I and II of categorical syllogism, and the equivalence true modus. In order to easily understand the given issue, we will use Euler-Venn diagrams as a research method, as well as provide brief analytical proof. The urgency of this issue is due to the following circumstances: Verbal exercises and tests of categorical syllogism content are often found in the national exams of entrants, school textbooks and master's exams. Therefore, its study will be especially interesting and useful for middle school students, entrants and master's students. Our goal is to provide access to comprehensible, interesting language for teaching logical-analytical thinking issues, because its separate teaching takes up little space in the learning process, and the demand for it is very high. In this regard, the words of His Holiness and Beatitude, our Patriarch Ilia II: "If the nation does not learn analytical thinking, it will die."
These issues were studied by Aristotle as early as the 4th century BC. It is he who introduced the concept of categorical syllogism. A simple categorical syllogism consists of two prerequisite and one conclusion. The paper discusses in detail the true and false modus (species) of the first and second figures with Euler-Venn diagrams and analytical reasoning.