სამრეწველო ნარჩენების ტოქსიკურობის ხარისხის შესწავლა და რემედიაციის შესაძლებლობები (სვანეთი-ზესტაფონი-ბოლნისი)

Together with the growth of improper man-made activity and intensity of the mining and processing production, the issue of environmental pollution with industrial waste becomes more and more urgent. The subject of our research are the arsenic-bearing wastes of Svaneti region, the quarry wastewater of Madneuli Mining and Processing Enterprise in Kvemo Kartli, and the manganese-bearing waste in the form of dust of Zestafoni Ferroalloy Plant. In the first stage, the area of distribution of Svaneti arsenopyrite waste from four different objects was investigated. Initial samples were analyzed for the content of arsenic, degree of toxicity, area of distribution, valence, forms, pH, and their remediation possibilities. In the second stage, the chemical composition of the quarry wastewater of Madneuli chalcopyrite ore was determined, its impact on the ecological state of the Kazretula and Mashavera Rivers, as well as copper remediation. In the third stage, the physicochemical mineralogical composition of the manganese-bearing dust of the Zestafoni Ferroalloy Plant was determined, quantitative-spectral and thermogravimetric analyses were made, as well as dust remediation for producing manganese sulfide.
It has been determined that the percentage of arsenic in all the four Svaneti objects is very high, making 12-43-59-73.5%, which implies that the samples represent the oxide annealed ores.
One of them (73,5%) is technical “white’ arsenic, which is a base product for producing arseniccontaining compounds.
It is characterized by hightoxicity level, low solubility and a small area of distribution. pH<7.
In the form of arsenites.
These waste create danger for the population of Svaneti and also, for the whole Georgia. Remediation is possible by aliphatic alcohols (etherification by producing (RO)3AS) where R= C4H9.
The copper content in thequarry wastewater of Madneulichalcopyrite ore does not exceed 0.8-1.12 g/l. Copper remediation using iron rods, where the copper content makes 99%, has been established, which should be considered a great achievement. This technique could be used for treating the Kazretula-Mashavera irrigation systems and coping thus with the greatest ecological problem.