Preconditions of the Collapse of the Soviet Union and Restoration of Independence of Georgia

The fi rst reason for the collapse of the Soviet Union was the mismanagement of the economy and the crisis caused by it. In 1985, M. Gorbachev and his team, who were at the head of the government, began a series of transformations, which eventually put an end to the existence of the Soviet Empire.
In the second half of the 80s, in the footsteps of the national movement, political parties were created in Georgia and they managed to hold the fi rst multi-party elections of the Supreme Council on October 28, 1990. The bloc «Round Table - Free Georgia» won the most seats. Based on the referendum held on March 31, 1991, the Act of Independence of Georgia was adopted on April 9 and Zviad Gamsakhurdia became the president of the country as a result of the general elections on May 26.