მოდალური სემანტიკის გამოხატვა ძველ ქართულ ენაში

The modern scientific space is interested in the study of modality as an independent category. Taking into account the general linguistic situation, it is an important task for Georgian linguists to investigate modal semantics and carry out semantic and morphosyntactic analysis of the means of expression of modality. In the Georgian linguistic space, there are works, the authors of which research diverse modal semantics on the material of European languages. There are also several papers containing the semantic analysis of separate modal forms. Two monographs published in 2020 are a step forward in modality category research (“The category of modality in the Georgian language”, N. Sharashenidze, 2020; “ "Modality category issues in Georgian", N. Sharashenidze, M. Ghambashidze, M. Advadze, T. Makharoblidze, 2020). These monographs focus on the category of modality in the literary Georgian (mainly, based on the data of the Middle and New Georgian language), as well as the dialects of the Georgian language and sign language. These works also provide recommendations on the teaching of modality in the process of acquisition of Georgian as a second and foreign language. Naturally, the above-mentioned monographs could not embrace the full spectrum of modal semantics. They describe a general model of expression of modality based on the data of the Georgian language. It is still necessary to dwell upon certain important issues, especially the expression of modal semantics in Old Georgian. In the given period of the history of the Georgian language, unlike Middle and New Georgian, the formation of the category of modality was incomplete; the grammaticalization of language means expressing modality took place mostly in Middle Georgian. However, in Old Georgian, there were numerous means of expression of diverse semantic nuances of modality, Therefore, our interest is the study of modal semantics at this very stage of language development.
The work deals with the expression of modality in Old Georgian and the analysis of its means of expression from a diachronic point of view. In this regard, the analysis of the lexicalgrammatical fund of the Old Georgian language and the description of the means of expression of modality is, in fact, the first serious attempt, because there has not yet been an attempt to systematically study the expression of modal semantics in old written Georgian in Georgian linguistics. It is true that separate linguistic means expressing modal semantics are studied in the old Georgian language, but not directly in relation to modality.
Within the framework of the thesis, three main types of the modality identified in the scientific literature are studied, these are: Dynamic, Deontic and Epistemic modality (Different semantic nuances are distinguished in these types as well). Each type of modality is expressed in different languages by different linguistic means, detecting and studying of these means is one of the important tasks of modern linguistics. Taking into account the topicality of the study of modality in contemporary linguistics, We consider important the research of modal semantics and the systematic analysis of linguistic means expressing this semantics based on the empirical material of the old Georgian language. As each type of modality and its semantics were expressed in a number of linguistic means at the initial stage of the Georgian language, the expressions of modal semantics are identified in the given thesis and their comprehensive systematic semantic and morphosyntactic analysis is presented. es. The material will be obtained from Titus database, the National Corpus of the Georgian Language, the critical texts of the Georgian versions of the Old Testament, the critical texts of the Georgian Gospels (the Gospels of Luke and John), as well as reliable printed and electronic editions of the Greek Biblical texts. The following issues are presented in the paper: analysis of theories found in foreign linguistic literature regarding the issue under consideration; The relationship between these theories and the data of the Georgian language; Identified empirical materials, the concrete means are compared to the data of Old Greek Bible, Then the semantic and morphosyntactic classification and analysis of these modal forms is presented. The thesis analyzes complex verbs expressing different modal semantics, as well as different types of descriptive production as a result of decomposition of complex verbs, simple verbs expressing modal semantics in different person forms, simple modal forms used only with the 3rd person forms of the verb, different types of particles to express different semantic nuances of modality, negative particles, as independent expressions of modality, on the second hand, the distribution of negative particles with individual modal forms, I and II Imperative screeves used to express Deontic modal semantics, the so-called “categorical future” and paronomasia. The given work is important not only from the point of view of studying the material of the Old Georgian language, but also, in general, from the point of view of expanding the research of modal semantics in Georgian linguistics.
From the semantic point of view, the evaluation of the process of grammaticalization in the old Georgian language makes the research relevant. In order to distinguish modality as an independent category in the Georgian language, it is necessary to follow the process of turning concrete linguistic means into modal elements. The mentioned research will become the basis for semantic studies in this direction in Middle and New Georgian, as well as in Kartvelian languages. Thus, a thorough analysis of this type will significantly contribute to the expansion of the area of semantic research in the Georgian language and other Kartvelian languages.