This article, based on copious material, looks into the past, present, and future demographic situation in Georgia. The author analyzes the major social challenges of modernity related to migration processes, unemployment, and, as a consequence, a decline in the size of Georgia’s population. The study also devotes special attention to social projects aimed at improving the demographic situation in the country. At the end of 2021, the population of Georgia was 3728600 people. The demographic pyramid has a regressive or descending type. Demographic policy in Azerbaijan is a purposeful activity of state bodies and social institutions in the field of regulating the process of population reproduction in order to change or maintain the trends of population and structural dynamics. In other words, it is a policy that affects the processes of birth, death, marriage, divorce and the age structure of the population. In order to achieve the development of demographic processes in accordance with the socio-economic strategy of the country and to improve the demographic situation, the "Concept of Demographic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan" was adopted in 1999.