წარმოდგენილ ნაშრომში განხილულია 1841 წლის აჯანყება გურიაში. აქვე განხილულია აჯანყების გამომწვევი მიზეზები - გურიაში შექმნილი რთული საზოგადოებრივ-პოლიტიკური და სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური მდგომარეობა, რომელსაც გარკვეულ წილად განაპირობებდა იმჟამინდელი საშინაო და საგარეო პოლიტიკური ფაქტორები. დეტალურადაა განხილული აჯანყების დასაწყისი, მსვლელობა, ხელისუფლების მიერ გადადგმული ნაბიჯები აჯანყების შესაჩერებლად, აჯანყების გაძლიერება, მათი დამარცხება და გასამართლება. საკითხის ირგვლივ არსებული წყაროებისა და ისტორიოგრაფიის მიმოხილვის შემდეგ გამოთქმულია საისნტერესო შეფასებები ცალკეულ საკითხებთან დაკავშირებით.

The master's thesis presents an overview of the geopolitical and geo economic aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh military conflict. Also discussed are the foreign directions of the countries in the South Caucasus region and the analysis of internal security problems. Also, the aim of the master's thesis is to analyze the regional aspects of the balance of power based on historical aspects. Presenting the political directions of the South Caucasus region and their dynamics taking into account various factors and circumstances. It must be said that the lasting Caucasian peace and the general balance of power in the region have historically always depended on the interests of a few key geopolitical players. In recent years, these players are: Russia, Turkey, the US, Iran and the EU. The current events should be considered in the context of the balance of power of regional interests of these players. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of sovereign states in the post-Soviet space, as well as the adjustment of the world political map and global geostrategic changes, again made the South Caucasus a major force in the region. And also as an object of crossing geopolitical interests between players. The situation and stability in the South Caucasus is a very topical issue in the international community. Whereas there are a number of disruptive processes that prevent conflicts from being resolved. In the presented master thesis I will try to fully present and analyze the current situation.

We present new archaeointensity data from Georgia from ca. 3000 BCE to 1500 CE. Forty-eight potsherds and fired clays were subjected to Thellier-type paleointensity experiment using the IZZI protocol (Tauxe and Staudigel, 2004) with routine pTRM check. We observed an excellent agreement between samples collected from the same site, supporting the precision of the paleointensity working methodology. The new archeointensity data obtained in this study clarify some issue regarding the high variability period in Georgia. The results show a significantly high field maximum at 900 BCE, with VADM of about 160 ZAm2, bounded by two low field minima around 1250 BCE and 400 BCE, with VADM of less than 60 ZAm2.

International students migration represents an increasing components of modern population mobility. International student mobility, like other forms of migration, occurs through a complex collection of actors and networks, which includes origin and destination states, educational institutions, families, friends, and communities, and, of course, students themselves. Education intermediaries (agents) appear to occupy a crusial position in the midst of these arrangements, serving as a bridge between student origins and study destinations in a way that enables massive movements across educational and geographic divides. In this digital age, international education has undergone several changes. Education intermediaries (agents) use digital platforms as a tool of connection between students and institutions. This research paper will present evidence with an analysis of a model on how international education intermediares (agents) has obtained positive results with the implementation of digital strategies.

This paper intends to describe in greater detail the challenges that blockchain presents for the implementation and enforcement of antitrust law against anticompetitive practices. The paper discusses how the decentralized and autonomous technology and structure of blockchains as well as the lack of its control by governments or any other central institutions will create challenges in terms of the detection of anticompetitive practices on blockchain in the first place, and then, imposing the relevant sanctions thereupon. In particular, the blockchain software triggers decisions and actions automatically (i.e. decisions and actions are managed by the neutral software), without interference of blockchain participants, making it impossible for the antitrust law violations to be attributed to an intention of a blockchain participant. This will force antitrust law enforcers to become more pro-active in their planning, especially when the competence of state courts is already difficult to assign to disputes with blockchains. Therefore, the implementation of self-regulation, such as “law is code”, by the market players will have an utmost importance, and eventually, the relevant antitrust regulations and standards will be implemented within the system itself to address the anticompetitive practices on an ex-ante basis.

In the rapidly changing world, companies are facing challenges in adapting to the accelerated processes of wanted or unwanted change. Therefore, maintaining stability becomes problematic for companies from any business sector and the absence of know-how makes it more complicated. Representing the area with fundamental importance to the development of a country, higher education institutions must overcome these challenges still staying competitive. For dealing with the above-mentioned problems, it is crucial to have a strategy, how to manage the process of change. Based on the survey conducted in Georgia and the online data research, the paper aims to describe the essence of organizational change, to reveal change management challenges faced by HEIs in Georgia and describe the famous models of change process implementation.

A statistical analysis of data on monthly and seasonal values of air temperature and precipitation in Tbilisi from 1844 to 2018 was carried out. Trends of air temperature and precipitation in three period of year (year, cold and warm seasons) for 175 year observations is study. Comparison of monthly and seasonal mean values of air temperature and precipitations in two thirty years of time (1844-1873 and 1989-2018) was carried out. In particular, it was found that in the indicated periods of time there is a significance increase in air temperature for all months of the year, except May and November. As for precipitation, their growth is observed in October and November, and a decrease in July and September.

The data of ground-based (Prec_MS) and satellite (Prec_Sat) measurements of the monthly sum of atmospheric precipitation are compared using the example of Tbilisi in 2001-2020. In particular, the following results are obtained. In general, for all observational data (240 months), Prec_MS values vary from 0 to 267.3 mm, and Prec_Sat - from 3.0 to 184.0 mm. Their average values are 43.6 and 64.8 mm, respectively. Monthly mean values of Prec_MS vary from 16.7 mm (January) to 93.2 mm (May) and Prec_Sat values – from 32.5 mm (December) to 114.4 mm (May). Ground-based measurements are lower than satellite data for all months of the year. The difference between the average values of Prec_MS and Prec_Sat over 20 years varies from -8.8 mm (November) to -33.4 mm (March). Ratio between the average values of Prec_MS and Prec_Sat varies from 40.6 % (January) to 81.5 % (May). There is a direct linear correlation between the studied parameters. For all observational data (240 months) coefficient of correlation is 0.86 (high correlation), for separate month changes from 0.65 (July, moderate correlation) to 0.94 (April, very high correlation). Coefficient of correlation between average values of the studied parameters is 0.97 (very high correlation).

Third-party funding (hereinafter referred to as TPF) is on a central stage in the international commercial and investment arbitration market. It is an increasing phenomenon due to the high costs of the arbitration proceedings. TPF is a method of financing, which can reduce or eliminate the risk associated with a potentially unfavorable outcome of the proceedings. It also promotes access to justice by giving the parties an opportunity to be part of the game and win a good case. But, along with its attractive essence, TPF has troublesome aspects which need to be specified and discussed. This paper provides an overview of the problematic aspects of the TPF such as conflicts of interests and the relations between the confidentiality and disclosure requirement during the arbitration proceedings. By discussion of many interrelated aspects, it will be examined how disclosure of the TPF can prevent future complications and conflicts of interest between the participants of the proceedings. The paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter gives a general overview of the TPF and its contractual basis. The chapter gives a short explanation of the Funding Agreement and also, emphasizes the importance of the TPF in relation to the access to justice. Herewith, it is briefly discussed the case where TPF is excluded according to the arbitration agreement and its possible consecutive outcome.

Some results of investigations of the connection of the parameters of thunderstorm activity with the air electrical conductivity are represented.

Consumer protection is becoming increasingly important with the growth of e-commerce and the increase in the number of distance contracts. With the expansion of international commercial transactions in response to modern challenges, it is vital to be prepared for legal regulations in this regard and to eliminate its weaknesses, particularly when the country is a developing one. The aim of this master thesis is to explore the legal aspects that are required to fully protect consumer rights. The purpose of this paper is to look into the legal aspects that are required for comprehensive consumer protection. Summarize the international directives that adequately defend consumers' rights within the European Union, particularly the right of withdrawal from the contract and information requirements for distance contracts and investigate Georgian legislation in this field, identify gaps and necessities, analyze the draft law on consumer rights, as well as recommendations that will improve the Georgian resolution of the issue. The challenges that consumer protection faced during the Covid Pandemic are discussed at the end of the paper. The paper consists of 42 pages and includes: Introduction, four chapters, conclusion and bibliography.

This article describes and discusses a series of archaeological sites. All the sites contain an ancient enclosure built using clearly pre-medieval masonries, inside of which a number of churches have been built. The dates of these fortified structures, usually improperly defined as built using “cyclopean technique”, cannot be established without archaeological excavations. Recent attempts have been made to establish functional continuity between the ancient enclosures and the churches inside them. The goal of this text is to present and discuss these interesting sites and analyse the available data relating to the function of these structures from a diachronic perspective.

The present thesis refers to the deadlocks arising in closely held corporations, which initially cause corporate impasse, a high degree of probability may cause irreparable financial or other kinds of damages, and may ultimately lead to the worst possible consequences for the corporation – dissolution. Through the analysis of the legislation and case law of the USA the author in the first place will try to expound the true essence of deadlocks based on the precedents of significant USA court practices, then will outline the mechanisms for breaking corporate deadlocks, will demonstrate the methods of avoiding corporation stalemates and try to reveal the differences between the true and manufactured deadlocks. The author also will review and critique several decisions made by Supreme court of Georgia in regard to corporate deadlocks in closely-held corporations. The next chapter is devoted to the new “Law on Entrepreneurs of Georgia” adopted by the Parliament of Georgia on August 2, 2021, which enters into force on January 1, 2021 and its relation to international standards, especially USA case law practice. Consequently, the paper represents a problem which pretty nearly has not yet been answered in Georgian legal literature. The present thesis has practical usefulness for practicing lawyers along with any person interested in the topic.

While many countries around the world have acknowledged that corporate groups differ from a single company and therefore require specific regulation, Georgia seems to leg behind. The study of corporate groups here is almost non-existent. The aim of this paper is to explore and present challenges that are particularly characteristic to corporate groups and provide recommendations for their regulation in Georgia. With a view to reconcile the law with reality, the object of recommendations is to assist the efficient and effective management of corporate groups, while ensuring appropriate protection for minority shareholders and outsiders. The paper is based on the ample scientific research conducted in both Anglo-American and civil law countries. Situation in Georgia is analysed in the light of the latest Supreme Court Decisions. The study has shown that there is a huge gap in Georgian corporate law where the regulation of corporate groups should be.

Covid-19 has affected the news, journalism, and the media system, among other domains. Scientists have already discovered a solution against covid-19, which is vaccination. However, a large part of the population does not trust vaccines. The number of people against immunization today is alarming, as well as different interpretations of covid-19 by different TV channels. The aim of the research in this article is to determine the process related to the immunization process in the society based on the TV coverage of Covid-19.

Today the whole world is facing the biggest challenge. covid - 19 pandemics have been an unexpected challenge for the economy of all countries of the world, including Georgia, and its scale is unprecedented in recent history. The world has not yet had such an experience that the economic crisis has started due to the problems of the virus. Until now, there was a so-called Experience with the spread of swine flu and chicken flu, however, has not evolved into similar types of crises. It is noteworthy that the Corona virus pandemic started in China and the country called the world factory started to close its enterprises. Then, fearing that the virus would spread to Western Europe, they began to use certain types of quarantine measures, which in turn reduced the demand for consumer products. The same thing happened in the US. We got a crisis that arose from the supply side. In the past, crises were often caused by demand, ie supply was reduced due to lack of demand. Delivery is no longer taking place, which has given rise to a crisis. The present study discusses the facts about the impact of the pandemic on the Georgian economy, what measures were taken to stop the pandemic and revive the economy. How ready the country's economic system was for the news and especially for the crisis. What important and specific topics were allocated by the government. To better illustrate the problems, the paper compares data from the last 8 years, specifically what negative impact the pandemic had and in what ways these problems can be solved. In addition, research was conducted on one of the most important links for the economy, employment.