Georgian artistic ceramics, which comprises monumental, expositional and utilitarian branches, with its many-sided character has been attracting special since 1970s. This time under the influence of monumental-decorative art it distinctly shows : aspiration for confluence to space, that provokes approachment to the imitative arts and intensification of artistic expressiveness of ceramic models. R. Iashvili's works are typical examples of spreading tendencies of that time. His zoomorphic vessels for drinking with their various, colorful and industrial effectiveness acquire ornamental speech, though the artist panels in the direction of monumental ceramics. At first he creates decorative, plastic models for parks and then he creates projects of architectural and sculptural ensembles. He also decorates building interiors and intensifies decorations of panels with the combination of various materials (stone, metal, clay). With this purpose he begins many-sided experiments for the creation of mixed techniques of ceramic paint. With this technique R. Iashvili fulfills pictorial and graphical painted decorative panels, having an ability (in spite of their small size) to become the work of a big volume and decorate any space of the buildings. R. Iashvili's works reveal, that Georgian artistic ceramics creates the works of clay with very original, decorative expressiveness in 1970-1980s.

In the 1920s the expressionistic movement covered many areas of art, but it found greatest popularity in German theatrical art. Expressionistic theatre is characterized by: expressing the ideas directly, abstract characters who are embodiments of social functions. In dramaturgy, a person has become an addition to the profession chosen by himself/herself. Throughout his creative career Kote Marjanishvili, the famous Georgian theatre director, constantly searched for new theatrical forms and techniques. Therefore, it is not surprising that he not only staged works by expressionist playwrights first at the Rustaveli Theatre, and then at the Marjanishvili Theater, but he also used expressionist performance techniques and scenographic approaches in combination with traditional Georgian theatre art. Marjanishvili staged plays of different genres or forms. Most importantly, he was never content with his achievements. He was a director in constant search. Marjanishvili was the first who used cinematic techniques in Georgian theatre.

The results of the analysis of radar studies of hail processes over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan on May 28 and July 13, 2019 are presented. Based on the values of the maximum size of hailstones in clouds, using the Zimenkov-Ivanov model, the expected sizes of hailstones falling on the earth's surface are calculated. The degree of damage to vineyards, wheat and corn, depending on the size of the hail, was determined by summarizing the known data on damage to these crops at different kinetic energy of hail and data on the average kinetic energy of hail of different magnitudes. Based on this compilation, regression equations were obtained for the relationship between the degree of damage to these crops and the size of hailstones, which have the form of a sixth degree of a polynomial. According to this equation, calculations were made of the degree of maximum damage to vineyards, wheat and corn along the trajectories of hail clouds over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Present investigation reveals that Ni-modified Khekordzula clinoptilolyte is characterized by high adsorption capacity against hydrogen sulfide, and HNaX- modified Khekordzula clinoptilolyte has high adsorption capacity against potassium and ammonium ions. Therefore, present zeolites may be used for selective adsorption of hydrogen sulfide, potassium and ammonium ions.

After gaining independence in 1991, during the first years, Georgia experienced a difficult period of patriotic and civil wars, severe economic crises created after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The USA was Georgia’s primary source of financial, humanitarian, and technical support since its first days of independence. The American people and government have made essential contributions to Georgia’s political, economic, and social growth. During this most difficult period, American assistance was crucial to Georgia. This assistance can be divided into three parts: humanitarian aid (medicines and medical consumables), technical assistance (bringing new medical directions to the country, raising the education of medical personnel and society), promoting healthcare system improvement (via combined projects, programs and research with numerous USA organizations, foundations, and scientific research institutions). This fact confirms the USA consistent dedication to assisting the Georgian people in their efforts to establish a democratic society. Over the past 30 years, Georgia and the USA have been constructing friendship and mutual respect bridges based on shared values, common strategic interests, and mutually beneficial cooperation. It is in the interests of both Georgia and the USA to deepen relations between each other, to have a reliable partnership and alliance. The fact that Georgia consistently experienced an attitude of equal interaction while working with American and European governmental and public institutions is especially notable.

This discourse explores the factors infl uencing the gradual adoption of IPv6, This discourse explores the factors infl uencing the gradual adoption of IPv6, the latest iteration of the Internet Protocol, despite its technological advantag-the latest iteration of the Internet Protocol, despite its technological advantages over IPv4. IPv6's expansive address space, accommodating the anticipated es over IPv4. IPv6's expansive address space, accommodating the anticipated surge in connected devices, makes it pivotal for sustained Internet growth. Not-surge in connected devices, makes it pivotal for sustained Internet growth. Notwithstanding, only 22% of websites have transitioned to IPv6 as of September. withstanding, only 22% of websites have transitioned to IPv6 as of September. The analysis delves into key impediments, including IPv4 resilience technologies, The analysis delves into key impediments, including IPv4 resilience technologies, compatibility challenges, costs, and ISP unreadiness. Additionally, potential solu-compatibility challenges, costs, and ISP unreadiness. Additionally, potential solutions, such as government intervention, stakeholder collaboration, and thorough tions, such as government intervention, stakeholder collaboration, and thorough testing, are proposed to expedite IPv6 adoption for a resilient and technological-testing, are proposed to expedite IPv6 adoption for a resilient and technologically advanced Internet infrastructure. ly advanced Internet infrastructure.

In the article, we focused on Goderdzi Chokheli's linguistic world of colors. Our study deals with the following: the grammatical aspects of the words denoting color, types of construction; the structural units of words which the writer uses to describe the world of colors, the stylistic devices he uses to convey them. We find various signifiers for colors in the author’ works: Simple (primary) words - black, white, green, blue, fair. Derived – the words created by means of various affixes. Composites: by adding the word ‘color’ to the main word. E.g. straw color, rose color, shadow color, dove color, milk color, sun color, mouse color, dog color, rabbit color, wolf color, violet (color), lead color, yellow-coated. It is quite interesting to observe and study the lexis and phraseology reflecting the linguistic world of colors perceived by the author and then displayed to the reader. There are many figures of speech that are employed by G. Chokheli for better perception and visualization of this or that color and for making emotions more expressive. Among them, we have to mention simile. In similes, one of the components is the following: Zoonyms: dove, wolf, mouse, dog, rabbit; Names of plants (flora): rose, violet, straw; Gastronomic units: milk; Celestial bodies: the sun. Simile is usually comprised of ‘as’, ‘like’. Besides similes, the author employs epithets, personifications, metonymy, phraseologysms. The words denoting colors are also found in the titles of his works. And, the word tetri (meaning ‘white’) with a slight modification which is characteristic of a local dialect is offered as a proper name ‘Tetrua’ in the novel The Red Wolf. In Goderdzi Chokheli’s prose, the color black and the zoonym wolf are usually associated to negative context, while white has a predominantly positive connotation. The linguistic world of his work is mainly conveyed through his vocabulary and phraseology, where we find dialectal expressions. Dialectic speech gives the writer the opportunity to express the psychological or spiritual mood of a protagonist. Goderdzi Chokheli managed to show his readers the linguistic world and individual style of his color palette by using local speech and folk phraseologysms while describing the environment, and also flora and fauna surrounding his characters.

The global climate change, driven by natural processes and increasing human activities, is especially significant for Georgia. The region is experiencing increases in temperature, desertification, redistribution of precipitation, and a rise in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Georgia’s complex topography and its proximity to the Black and Caspian seas make it essential to employ high-resolution regional climate models to evaluate future climate change risks. In this study, we examine the results of a high-resolution simulation of mean and extreme precipitation and temperature using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 4.7.1 for the period 1985–2008, providing an initial evaluation of the model’s performance for the territory of Georgia. The model domain (1524 km; 2388 km) encompasses the entirety of Georgia’s territory and surrounding regions. The simulation, conducted at a 12 km horizontal grid spacing using ERA5 data as boundary conditions, indicates that the least discrepancy between observed and modeled average annual temperatures and precipitation, falling within a −1 to 1 °C and −200 to 200 mm range, respectively, was observed at most stations of eastern Georgia. The largest disparities between the model and observed average annual precipitation totals were noted along the Black Sea coast, in the Kolkheti Lowland, and in some high mountain stations in western Georgia. The most significant differences in average annual temperatures between the model and observations were observed in Ambrolauri, Mt. Sabueti, and Dedoplistskaro. For Georgia territory, such a long run with such a high resolution using ERA5 as boundary conditions was conducted for the first time. Overall, the modeling results are quite satisfactory, providing a solid basis for the successful utilization of the regional climate model RegCM4.7.1 with the selected parameterization for modeling monthly mean and extreme temperatures and precipitation in Georgia.

While speaking to a famous Georgian theater director Robert Sturua, there was revealed some significant aspects. First of all, we were concerned about the level of influence that theoretical works of philosophy or art have had on Robert Sturua. There exists the term “film-language,” and “theater language, or the language of a theater.” Our key interest emerged around the factors (either a person or a thing) that influnced shape of his “theater language.” Out of 37 plays of Sheakspeare, Robert Sturua implemented around 17. We became keen on understanding Sturua’s attitute towards Sheakspeare, and his approach of interpretation of a Sheakspeare play; how does he make his concept suitable and relevant, why does it happen that time by time he again gets back to the same play? In September 2010, at the Moscow Theater “Et Cetera,” Sturua talks about staging a play “The Tempest.” It was also interesting, whether which of the forms of performing art are more acceptable for Robert Sturua? Those are the issues around which our discussion was held with Mr. Robert Sturua. Below, we suggest the entire transcript of the interview to our reader.

Theoretical model of laser destruction process of chemical compounds by laser radiation is proposed in the work. Models for calculation of vibration spectrum of molecule in nonregular condensed medium and for kinetic parameters of electron transfer and photo-transfer process between the particles are presented within the framework of quantum-mechanical approach. In terms of obtained analytic results it is proposed to calculate frequency spectrum for valence vibrations of atoms in molecule and to split corresponding chemical bonds by the help of laser emission. Obtained radicals may be used for formation of other chemical compounds, particularly, with application of laser emission also.

The study of charge transfer processes in complex condensed systems occurring under the external electro-magnetic influence makes it possible to expand information regarding the properties of the system significantly. One of the most demanded properties of a system is its behavior under the influence of an electromagnetic field of various frequency ranges [1 – 15]. In this regard, the study of electrochemical charge transfer processes and corresponding photoprocesses is the most easily accessible and promising. Naturally, correlations between the parameters of the charge phototransfer process and the parameters of the corresponding thermal processes are necessary. The work considers charge transfer processes and single-photon charge phototransfer processes in electro-chemical systems. Analytical relationships between the characteristic parameters of the processes considered are obtained, in particular in the range of parameters in which direct measurements are not always possible. Theoretical calculations were carried out for the cathodic processes of charge transfer and phototransfer, but the results can easily be generalized for the corresponding anodic processes

The probabilities of the occurrence of individual hazardous weather phenomena and their complexes in the city of Tbilisi were studied: hot days, strong winds, heavy winds, fog, hail, blizzard. The most common of the phenomena under consideration are hot days. Even in spring and autumn their probability is quite high, and in summer it reaches 0.83. During the cold season, there is a high probability of fog. Strong winds occur at all times of the year. Their probability is not very high, but is characterized by a significant coefficient of aggressiveness. Hail is especially aggressive and occurs in the warm season. The likelihood of a snowstorm developing is negligible. Possible social and economic risks associated with these phenomena have been identified. Both social and economic risks are greatest from fog and strong winds. In winter, the economic risk from fog per incident can be more than 3.6 million US dollars, in the fall - more than 2.3 million US dollars. The social risk from strong winds is greatest in spring, although the risk is also significant in other seasons. The economic risk from strong winds in spring exceeds $2.6 million, and in winter exceeds $2 million. These phenomena occur several times throughout the year, so the economic risk can range from several to tens of millions of US dollars per year.

The main categories in the initial discussions of the mode (from 18 to the end 19 centuries) are the concepts of "imitation" and "isolation, maintaining their elite group distinctiveness from other layers." In the XX century in connection with the transformation of the social structure and the rise of the so-called mass society these approaches had largely lost the explanatory power and had been criticized, at light when new explanatory models appeared.” The concept of "Production Mode" still took effect in the first half of the 20th century. There were changes only in the image of the elite. Thus, according to the theory of the leisure class and conspicuous consumption the old aristocracy in the U.S. were no longer fashion founders, this was done by nouveau riches who were emphasizing their heights, but they had recently acquired their status. The situation had been dramatically changed since the 1950's. In the sociology of fashion the winner was so-called "Theory of collective decision" of fashion standards. In accordance with this theory, the elite were no longer fashion leaders, fashion standards were formed by the masses. Fashion was becoming an industry, fashion standard were duplicated and distributed to the masses. The development of mass communications could impose the same model to millions of customers. In this study, we have tried to present the evolution of the theory of fashion, specific methodological tools of the theory of mode, pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial society and, correspondingly show how they reflect the dynamics of fashion and fashion behavior in different periods of human history, It is particularly interesting tracking how were developing themselves the theoretical and methodological approaches in the analyzed fashion. Their study is interesting as the point of view of the history of social thought, which saw the fashion very important factor of human social interaction and a new interpretation of previous judgments about fashion in the context of modern ideas about its phenomenon, about increasing complexity of the dynamics of transition from closed to open society, from simple to complex self-organized systems. In our work, we are particularly interested in the works, which deal with the concept of fashion as a social and cultural phenomenon. In this context, the greatest interest causes the work of G. Tarde, G. Simmel, W. Sombart, Herbert Spencer, H. Blumer. They are the first in the history of sociological and socio-psychological knowledge who identified trends of mass processes of nucleation, the approval and change stereotypes, which is typical of the fashion world. We have analyzed the characteristic of fashion in the works of T. Veblen the concept of prestigious consumption through the prism; the discussion had been carried out about the methodology of the analysis of parameters on modern fashion field of P. Bourdieu, during which had been revealed the role of fashion in the behavior of the modern habit of actors; the identification and analyze related to fashion statements and theoretical concepts contained in the works of Anthony Ashley Cooper Shaftesbury, I. Kant and E. Durkheim. Each of the classical concepts are reflected to the social nature of fashion as it was in a certain era.

The standard system has been elaborated for the control of lytic activity of the commercial series - active coli- bacteriophage and respective stable E. coli strains' collection. Special investigations were carried out with an aim to obtain polyvalent bacteriophage, which should comply with the requirements for the standard preparations. While passing of the active phage on the highly reproducible standard strain the coli-bacteriophage phage-lysate was obtained. With an aim to preserve its basic properties the phage-lysate has been lyophilized. The 20% Difco-peptone was used as the stabilizer. The lyophilized bacteriophage completely satisfies the parameter standards for biological preparations: it has high lytic activity, wide range of action, and thermal resistance. These properties are reliably preserved for the period of three years. It was shown experimentally that the lyophilized cultures could be used for evaluation of the lytic activity in bacteriophages. The identical phage-sensitivity was revealed in both lyophilized- and agar-cultures.

In the time of coronavirus, information and communication technologies have rapidly promoted the digitalization of various fields. We face such shifts in the process of implementing foreign policy agendas around the world. Digital capabilities have become key instruments for governments to achieve their internal and external objectives. Through using digital platforms states and international organizations are holding online conferences, summits and making decisions. Social networks have become key instruments for promoting definition of foreign policy priorities. Therefore, on the one hand, it is essential to examine how technological advances including Artificial Intelligence can facilitate the implementation of foreign policy goals. On the other hand, it is significant to analyze the challenges of digital tools, instruments that may have negative impacts on diplomacy. Based on these issues, the article explores the digitalization of foreign policy to understand new forms of diplomacy in the new era.

The study is focused on cultivar persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) of “Khachia” variety, which is characterized by high sugar concentration, rendering it a viable candidate for the production of alcoholic beverages. During the wine material preparation phase, persimmons were meticulously sectioned into fragments measuring between 0.8 and 1.2 cm. Subsequent to this partitioning, citric acid at a concentration of 5 g/l was added and a pure strain of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast was added representing 4% of the total volume of the mixture. This mixture was then subjected to heat treatment under various conditions. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that macerated persimmon pulp, after being subjected to a thermal hold at 80°C for a duration of 20 minutes and subsequently cooled to 24°C, facilitated the initiation of alcoholic fermentation in the extracted juice (referred to as 'persimmon sweet'). This enhancement in fermentability can be attributed to the observed reduction in pectin and tannin levels, as well as a decrease in the viscosity of the liquid phase. Moreover, a significant increase in juice yield was recorded, rising from 40.50% in the unprocessed state to 63.40% post-treatment. The wine substrate produced exhibited favourable attributes, including reduced levels of soluble solids (3.52%), sugars (0.20%), and volatile acidity (0.24%). The persimmon-derived alcohol contained only negligible concentrations of methanol. The study ascertained that to achieve alcohol with optimal quality parameters from persimmon fruits, preliminary treatment protocol is essential. This protocol necessitates a sequence of operations: mechanical maceration, thermal application, holding period and subsequent cooling. © 2024 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.

Based on the known data of the Georgian version of Stethatos’s works and the new version of Epistle III, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Niketas Stethatos created his trilogy and the epistles in the period between 1054 and 1080. He died between January 1080 and 1094. 2. At the very end of his life, Niketas became a hegumen of the Monastery of Stoudios, which is confirmed by the data of the Georgian version of his epistles, dated to the end of the eleventh century or the beginning of the twelfth century. The period, during which Niketas was a hegumen of the Stoudios had to have followed the period during which he wrote his trilogy and the epistles. Most probably it was a short period between January 1080 and his death. 3. The name of the addressee of Epistles V–IX was Basil. The name Gregory, found in the Greek version, is either his monastic name, or it is a result of some unexplained error. Based on the data that we can collect about the Sophist it is possible to raise a question whether Basil the Sophist could be identified with Basil protasekretis, one of the authors of epigrams to the Hymns of Symeon the New Theologian, edited by Niketas Stethatos.