The rapid development of chemistry and the intensive implementation of the achievements of the chemical industry led to a swift increase of environmental contamination. The rational use of water resources is one of the urgent ecological problems, in the solution of which purification of drinking and waste water is very important [1]. Chemical and biological agents existing in water cause various health problems; therefore, regulation of water quality is an important task of protecting public health [2]. Heavy metals are biologically hazardous components of natural waters. They enter the environment as a result of production processes. Monitoring the concentration of heavy metals in water becomes very important due to the complex environmental background created by these processes [1]. Water purification is connected with large financial resources, so, the creation of natural, renewable and inexpensive adsorbents is an urgent problem. A technology was developed at the R. Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry [3], with the help of which sorbents can be obtained from cellulose-containing secondary raw materials. The aim of the work was to determine the adsorption capacity of sorbents, in particular, carbon materials obtained from nutshells, nutshells and nectarine stones (factory-made activated carbon of grade A was taken for comparison), with respect to iron ions (of two and three valence). The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the table, the best adsorption capacity is shown by the carbon material of the hazelnut shells, which is no worse than the adsorption capacity of factory activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of the carbon materials of nutshells and nectarine seeds relative to iron ions is lower, although the parameters of the adsorption process can be selected if necessary. The advantage of the mentioned adsorbents is their low cost and high adsorption ability in relation to heavy metals [4, 5].

The article considers the application of complex marketing analysis to predict the sales volume of an organi-zation, in order to plan the optimal amount of costs and assess the risks of making marketing decisions. The given method is not the usual prediction of the indicator by indicator, and takes into account the interaction of the studied indicator with various market factors. An information technology corresponding to the method was developed using the Ms Excel package. Keywords: sales volume; factor of influence; trend; prediction; correlation; prediction error

Catastrophic Natural Disasters have always played a key role in shaping human history. Territory covering Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and the eastern part of Turkey is within the zone of high seismic activity. Analysis of the historical and instrumental seismological data shows, that strong earthquakes with magnitude up to 7.0-7.5 have occurred here. Georgian and Armenian written sources, over a long historical period, have preserved evidence of the earthquakes and other natural phenomena occurring in the region. Architectural monuments damaged by earthquakes also provide us with important data concerning the time and effects of past seismic events. The interdisciplinary project of the Georgian National Center of Manuscripts (Financial support: Shota Rustaveli Georgian National Science Foundation of Georgia) – Natural Disasters in the South Caucasus. Earthquakes and attending Natural Phenomena in Historical Sources from the Ancient Period up to the 19th century – started in 2017. Within the project historians and seismologists envisage culling information from various-language written sources about the historical earthquakes in the South Caucasus and the adjacent regions. In this paper the authors present preliminary results of a survey of the historical earthquakes available in Georgian and Armenian written sources, which occurred on the territory of East Anatolia region. In the future our project envisages to create a unifi ed catalogue and an electronic data bank (Georgian-English) of the historical earthquakes which will cover South Caucasus as well as the Mediterranean area.

Hydrogen sulfide H2S existing in the deep-waters of the Black Sea may become an alternative energy source. Use of the fuel cell for obtaining of electricity from hydrogen sulfide of the Black Sea waters is suggested in the present work. Many researches are carried out in the sphere of use of hydrogen sulfide as fuel raw material, but in all considered works the oxidation of gaseous hydrogen sulfide was realized with the use of expensive catalysts and composition materials at high temperature (800-1000 ), which is not commercially profitable for production. Dissolved in water hydrogen sulfide exists in Black Sea waters. Membranes (anion- and cation-exchange) for fuel cells are selected and processes passing on certain electrodes of the fuel cell are studied. The values of current and voltage were measured during the experiment. Current density and power were calculated concerning the visible area of given electrode. Laboratory and large-laboratory models of the fuel cell were created. The experimental study of these models was carried out on different electrodes. The most efficiently working electrode materials, which have as a function of electrode, so the function of catalyst, are selected. The selected electrode-catalyst was not poisoned by hydrogen sulfide and its oxidation products. The lifetime of spent anionic membrane (Ralex –АМ-РР) was established - 320 hours. It was shown, at what conditions of external load (resistance - 1000 ohm) the fuel cell works most effectively, when it has maximal power.

As a rule, ions of some heavy metals are always found in natural and waste waters. The purpose of this work was to study the sorption properties of carbon material obtained from secondary raw materials (hazelnut and walnut shells) according to the technology we have developed; determination of its applicability in the purification of drinking and waste water, in which ions of several heavy metals are simultaneously present. The salts of lead, cobalt, iron and cadmium, as the most important pollutants of the water basin, were the adsorbates. Studies of solutions of various concentrations of metal ions showed that in the presence of all four ions, the maximum adsorption rate and the degree of extraction are achieved at a solution concentration of 0.0025 M Me+2 in 30 min, as for the effect of pH on the degree of sorption, the experimental results showed that the best values are achieved at pH 3 for cobalt ions and pH 3 ÷ 5 for copper, lead and iron ions. It was found that the nature of sorption by these absorbers is the same: for a given metal, hydrated ions are adsorbed in the same way on different absorbers. The larger the crystal radius of an ion with the same charge, the better it is adsorbed (sorption capacity for Pb++ ions is maximum, and minimum for Co++ ions).

The article deals with the use of artificial intelligence in the process of learning and teaching English. The author presents the results of her research. The article is interesting because the question is analyzed from two different sides - English language teachers and English language learners. The article states that the teachers are not actively using the capabilities of artificial intelligence. Most of them have not used it at all in the teaching process. However, the majority of English language teachers see the benefits of artificial intelligence and consider it necessary to include it in the teaching process. Unlike teachers, students use artificial intelligence more. Regarding the introduction of regulations, the majority of students and teachers believe that some regulations are needed to control the use of artificial intelligence.

Creation of nanostructured modified metal coatings with a multifunctional purpose, having unique thermal, electrical properties, physical and chemical stability is possible by use nanomaterials, because of their specific surface, high porosity and subminiature structure. The achievement of such properties for conventional coarse-grained coatings is impossible. A group of authors of this work obtained high-quality carbon nanomaterial by thermochemical method of processing worn tyres (United States Patent and Trademark Office, patent no. 9663662) The financing was provided by the private technology company “Long Arc Technologies Corporation”. New carbonic nanomaterials will be created from different secondary raw material (sawdust, agricultural waste, etc.) by use of acquired experience and knowledge. Nanomaterials obtained from this secondary raw material were tested in galvanic composition coatings. For the purpose of uniform distribution in nickeling electrolyte, the carbonic nanomaterial, in accordance with selected conditions, was dispersed on the ultrasonic disperser. In the obtained solution, the electrolysis was carried out at high temperature (600 C), under the conditions of continuous stirring. Cathodic current output was 90 – 95 %. The structure and composition of composition coating was determined on SEM. It turned out that some of the elements from carbonic nanomaterial had passed into the nickel composition coating. Experimental studies have shown that physical and mechanical properties have improved in comparison with traditional nickel coating – hardness and strength significantly increased, and sliding and friction coefficient decreased by 2.5 times.

The unique Georgian codices with covers made of precious metals and inlaid with gems are among the most prized treasures of the Kekelidze Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts. A comprehensive study of 57 manuscripts was undertaken as part of the interdisciplinary project ‘Analysis of the Repoussé Metal Artefacts (Covers of the Twelfth – Thirteenth-Century Georgian Manuscripts)’ undertaken by the National Centre of Manuscripts. A total of 919 stones were identified; the alloys were subjected to a series of selective non-invasive tests using a handheld XRF analyser, and tentative chemical composition of ‘Byzantine’ glass stones used to embellish the Tskarostavi Four Gospels was established. The principal goal of the project was to evaluate the metal covers of Old Georgian manuscript Gospel books for restoration and conservation purposes. The paper presents findings from the analysis of the repoussé metal covers of Georgian manuscript Gospel books dating back to the twelfth – thirteenth centuries, namely the Berta (Q-906), Tskarostavi (Q-907) and Tbeti (Q-929) Gospels. The unique Four Gospels are particularly noteworthy because of the authenticity of their repoussé metal covers (a rare occurrence) and their exquisiteness which reveals traces of cultural contacts with the Byzantine world. Metal tests were performed with the help of a handheld XRF Olympus Delta Analyser. The composition of the alloy was established and the theoretical basis for subsequent conservation works was prepared; a comparative analysis of the three covers was conducted to determine the alloy production technologies and distinctive features of the artistic style of Beka and Beshken Opizrebi on the one hand, and the master of the Tbeti Gospel on the other; additional evidence on ancient artistic metals was obtained by determining the composition and purity of twelfth-century silver alloys, which may help to date the manuscript covers; the thickness of the gilding was also established. Gemmological and codicological studies of the colourful inserts and pearl decorations were conducted to determine the authenticity of the metal covers and identify traces of restoration. Particular attention is paid to three ‘Byzantine’ glass inserts on the cover of the Tskarostavi Gospel which formed part of the original décor; their composition, colouring elements and characteristic signs of glass corrosion are discussed.

We discovered new biographical information about the distinguished Georgian figure, David Sarajishvili, in the records (1870–1871) of the Faculty of Philosophy housed in the archive of the University of Heidelberg, Germany. The preserved documents include: A request signed by David Sarajishvili for admission to the PhD examination; A calendar autobiography (CV); A paper inviting professors to the exam; exam grades (assessments); A copy of the diploma. All documents except for the copy of the diploma are handwritten manuscripts, which made them challenging to read. The CV and the copy of the diploma are written in Latin, while the other documents are in German. These materials _ transcribed text, Georgian translations, and commentaries _ shed light on the process by which David Sarajishvili obtained his PhD at Heidelberg University in the spring of 1871. They also include his exam assessments and show his date of birth as November 23, 1848, which does not match the previously known date of October 28. In addition, we learn about his connections to Jena University, Munich Polytechnic school, and his studies for a master’s degree at the University of Munich. Building on these same documents plus the original diploma, we presented a discussion entitled „For the Purpose of Clarifying Some Biographical Details of David Sarajishvili (Regarding the 170th Anniversary)“ in Studies in Modern and Contemporary History 2018 No 1-2(22). There, we clarified that the degree he received _ the Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Fine Arts _ was equivalent to a Doctor of Chemistry, given that natural sciences and chemistry fell under the Faculty of Philosophy at that time, and his primary exam subject was chemistry. This is explicitly noted in his diploma.

მოხსენების თემა ეხება პრესბიტერ იოანეს ეპისტოლეს მესამე (C) ინტერპოლაციას.