The results of the analysis of radar studies of hail processes over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan on May 28 and July 13, 2019 are presented. Based on the values of the maximum size of hailstones in clouds, using the Zimenkov-Ivanov model, the expected sizes of hailstones falling on the earth's surface are calculated. The degree of damage to vineyards, wheat and corn, depending on the size of the hail, was determined by summarizing the known data on damage to these crops at different kinetic energy of hail and data on the average kinetic energy of hail of different magnitudes. Based on this compilation, regression equations were obtained for the relationship between the degree of damage to these crops and the size of hailstones, which have the form of a sixth degree of a polynomial. According to this equation, calculations were made of the degree of maximum damage to vineyards, wheat and corn along the trajectories of hail clouds over the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan.

A statistical analysis of data on monthly and seasonal values of air temperature and precipitation in Tbilisi from 1844 to 2018 was carried out. Trends of air temperature and precipitation in three period of year (year, cold and warm seasons) for 175 year observations is study. Comparison of monthly and seasonal mean values of air temperature and precipitations in two thirty years of time (1844-1873 and 1989-2018) was carried out. In particular, it was found that in the indicated periods of time there is a significance increase in air temperature for all months of the year, except May and November. As for precipitation, their growth is observed in October and November, and a decrease in July and September.

The data of ground-based (Prec_MS) and satellite (Prec_Sat) measurements of the monthly sum of atmospheric precipitation are compared using the example of Tbilisi in 2001-2020. In particular, the following results are obtained. In general, for all observational data (240 months), Prec_MS values vary from 0 to 267.3 mm, and Prec_Sat - from 3.0 to 184.0 mm. Their average values are 43.6 and 64.8 mm, respectively. Monthly mean values of Prec_MS vary from 16.7 mm (January) to 93.2 mm (May) and Prec_Sat values – from 32.5 mm (December) to 114.4 mm (May). Ground-based measurements are lower than satellite data for all months of the year. The difference between the average values of Prec_MS and Prec_Sat over 20 years varies from -8.8 mm (November) to -33.4 mm (March). Ratio between the average values of Prec_MS and Prec_Sat varies from 40.6 % (January) to 81.5 % (May). There is a direct linear correlation between the studied parameters. For all observational data (240 months) coefficient of correlation is 0.86 (high correlation), for separate month changes from 0.65 (July, moderate correlation) to 0.94 (April, very high correlation). Coefficient of correlation between average values of the studied parameters is 0.97 (very high correlation).

The global climate change, driven by natural processes and increasing human activities, is especially significant for Georgia. The region is experiencing increases in temperature, desertification, redistribution of precipitation, and a rise in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Georgia’s complex topography and its proximity to the Black and Caspian seas make it essential to employ high-resolution regional climate models to evaluate future climate change risks. In this study, we examine the results of a high-resolution simulation of mean and extreme precipitation and temperature using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 4.7.1 for the period 1985–2008, providing an initial evaluation of the model’s performance for the territory of Georgia. The model domain (1524 km; 2388 km) encompasses the entirety of Georgia’s territory and surrounding regions. The simulation, conducted at a 12 km horizontal grid spacing using ERA5 data as boundary conditions, indicates that the least discrepancy between observed and modeled average annual temperatures and precipitation, falling within a −1 to 1 °C and −200 to 200 mm range, respectively, was observed at most stations of eastern Georgia. The largest disparities between the model and observed average annual precipitation totals were noted along the Black Sea coast, in the Kolkheti Lowland, and in some high mountain stations in western Georgia. The most significant differences in average annual temperatures between the model and observations were observed in Ambrolauri, Mt. Sabueti, and Dedoplistskaro. For Georgia territory, such a long run with such a high resolution using ERA5 as boundary conditions was conducted for the first time. Overall, the modeling results are quite satisfactory, providing a solid basis for the successful utilization of the regional climate model RegCM4.7.1 with the selected parameterization for modeling monthly mean and extreme temperatures and precipitation in Georgia.

Some results of investigations of the connection of the parameters of thunderstorm activity with the air electrical conductivity are represented.

In Tbilisi according to the data of the complex monitoring of light ions concentration, radon and sub-micron aerosols the effect of feedback of intensity of ionizing radiation with the light ions content in atmosphere is discovered.

Preliminary results of the study of the relationship between the variability of the mean annual sum of atmospheric precipitation and landslide processes in Georgia for 32 years are presented. In particular, it was found that with an increase in the annual sum of atmospheric precipitation, the tendency of increase in the number of landslides is observed in accordance with a second power of polynomial

A catalog of hurricanes over the territory of Georgia for the period 1961–2022 has been compiled, containing the period of onset, geographical coordinates of the epicenter, speed, magnitude, intensity, area of distribution, material damage, human casualties. Over the entire study period, about 1600 cases of hurricane winds were recorded. During the year, hurricanes occur on average 20 times, with the highest number of cases recorded in 2002 – 81. The average speed of hurricane winds in general for Georgia is 36 m/s, the highest speed reached 56 m/s. The average hurricane area is about 1200 sq. km, and the maximum hurricane area exceeds 10000 sq. km. There is no clear relationship between the hurricane area and the corresponding material damage, which can most likely be explained by the heterogeneity of the level of urbanization of comparable areas that experience varying degrees of damage. The long-term changes in hurricane activity reveal a cyclical nature, which can be explained by the peculiarities of atmospheric circulation. In general, over the entire period there has been a tendency for hurricane activity to weaken.

Results of modeling of the distribution of monthly mean max hail damage to vineyards (HDV) and their 99% values of the lower and upper levels (HDV_Low, HDV_Upp) on the territory of Kakheti (Georgia) are presented. Calculations have been carried out using data of the freezing level in the atmosphere and radar measurements of hail max sizes in clouds, also known information about degree of damage to vineyards, depending on the size of the fallen hail. The agricultural area of Kakheti (7050 km2) was divided into 290 squares, the range of heights - 0.21 ÷ 1.19 km. Period of investigation - from April to September. As example map of the distribution of HDV on the territory of Kakheti for May have been built. Data on statistical characteristics on HDV, HDV_Low and HDV_Upp from April to September are presented. The vertical distribution of HDV and HDV_Upp on the indicated territory was studied. It is shown that the calculated values of HDV are in satisfactory agreement with their actual values obtained during the inspection of hail-damaged areas by special commissions.

The paper presents some results of a statistical analysis of data from 30 meteorological stations of Georgia on the number of days with hail in the warm half of the year in 1941-2021. In particular, the following results were obtained: data on the average and maximum values of the number of days with hail in 1941-2021, 1941-1980 are provided. (first time period) and 1981-2021. (second time period); correlations between the studied parameters for the specified time periods were studied; It was found that in the second period of time, compared to the first, at 21 stations there is a decrease in the average number of days with hail, at 8 stations this number does not change, and only at one station there is an increase in the average number of days with hail; the dependence of the average and maximum number of days with hail on the terrain height was studied for 24 meteorological stations located at a level of less than 1500 m for the specified time periods; it was found that in the second period of time, compared to the first, the tightness of the correlation between the number of days with hail and the altitude of the area weakens.